Monday, December 30, 2019

Life Influences On Emily Dickenson s Work - 1315 Words

Juwan Adams Mrs. Bales Eng. Comp II 22 April, 2016 Life Influences on Emily Dickenson’s Work A poem is a piece of writing that partakes of the nature of both speech and song that is nearly always rhythmical, usually metaphorical, and often exhibits such formal elements as meter, rhyme, and stanzaic structure. Emily Dickinson, a very established poet of the nineteenth-century, used this style of writing to express feelings toward religion, love, and death. All of her inspiration came from these things that would impact her life dearly. Dickinson was born in 1830 in Amherst, Massachusetts where she would spend her childhood and adolescent years living. She graduated from Amherst Academy in 1847 and then attended nearby Mount Holyoke Female Seminary for one year. Growing up Dickinson set herself apart from all the other girls at school. She would travel around with her family soon after school taking in what the world had to offer. Some authors speculate that Dickinson lived a very dull and solitary life while one 20th cent ury critic disagrees. He wrote in an article, â€Å"All pity for Miss Dickinson’s ‘starred life’ is misdirected. Her life was one of the richest and deepest ever lived on this continent† (Brand). After settling down back home the young Dickinson would get to work. The years of 1861-1865 would become known as her writing years. Poetry in these years would be her primary focus producing over 600 poems. â€Å"If taken out of her social and politicalShow MoreRelatedEmily Dickinsons Because I Could Not Stop For Death1249 Words   |  5 Pages Emily Dickinsons most famous work, Because I Could Not Stop for Death is generally considered to be one of the great masterpieces of American poetry (GALE). Dickinson experienced an emotional crisis of an undetermined nature in the early 1860s. Her traumatized state of mind is believed to have inspired her writing. In this particular poem, â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death,† the deceased narrator of the poem reminisces about that material day when Death came seeking for her. In stanza oneRead MoreAmerican Renaissance Writers Essays1409 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Renaissance Writers ENG/491 December 19, 2011 Peggy Walls American Renaissance Writers The American Renaissance, in literary circles occurred during the middle to late 1800s. â€Å"One of the most important influences of the period was that of the transcendentalists† (Britannica, 2011). Major writers during this perid had a common bond. Their platform was ‘an idealic system of thought based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation, the innate goodness of man, and the supremacyRead MoreThe Transcendentalism Movement Essay658 Words   |  3 PagesTranscendentalism Movement because I found it to be very interesting. From all the different literary movements we had to choose from Transcendentalism seemed the most revolutionary. It was an entirely new way of thinking for America back in the 1800’s. The Transcendental Movement started around 1835. The movement was all about individualism and spiritualism. The idea was that you could achieve true spirituality with god not through the doctrines of man but through communion with nature. The

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Chapter Eight Of The American Era - 880 Words

Chapter eight speaks of the growth of the American empire, using political manipulation to control the south. During the reconstruction of the South, many Southerners felt less aided and crippled further due to taxes, political reformation, and of course the loss of slave labor. In terms of political corruption, the Southern states were forced back into the union but were denied representation in the Union, and used political control to rob the states financially. Taking the votes of the newly freed blacks also created a tension with white and black relations that last to even today, commonly from the Ku Klux Klan. If anything, the attempt to create stability to the war-torn South ended up making things worse in both the North and South. Chapter nine is discussing how Lincoln s true legacy is placed, most notably the construction of the American System suggested by Henry Clay. With his presidency, Lincoln threatens that he will attack any state that fails to collect enough funds for its protectoral tariffs. Lincoln also issued large sums of money to the construction of transcontinental railroad lines. Finally, he forced the commission of the much needed national bank, the backbone of the American System his idol planned out. The tenth chapter speaks of the attack Lincoln committed on federalism, destroying the right of secession to force the South back into the Union. It sums up everything Lincoln did; opposed the equality of even free blacks, attacked the South toShow MoreRelatedWhat Do We Learn About Crooks in Chapter 4 of â€Å"of Mice and Men1422 Words   |  6 PagesWhat Do We Learn About Crooks in Chapter 4 of â€Å"Of Mice and Men†? This essay will uncover information about the â€Å"Negro Stable Buck†, named Crooks in of Mice and Men. The essay will analyze information regarding crooks, in link to themes such as the unattainable American dream, themes of racial discrimination , as well as themes such as loneliness and isolation. An understanding of the character of Crooks requires an understanding of the status of black people in the West during the time of when theRead MoreThe Strange Career Of Jim Crow Essay1417 Words   |  6 PagesComer Vann Woodward  was an  American  historian who concentration emphasized on the American south and race relations in the united states. He was born in 1908 in eastern, rural Arkansas. He attended  Henderson-Brown College, in  Arkadelphia, Arkansas for two years. He then transferred to  Emory University  in  Atlanta,  Georgia in which his uncle was dean of students and a sociology professor. After Woodward graduated from Emory university, he became an English professor at Georgia Institute of TechnologyRead MoreThrough Women s Eyes By Ellen Carol Dubois And Lynn Dumenil898 Words   |  4 PagesLynn Dumenil addresses American History from 1865 until present day. The third edition of this textbook includes visual and primary sources over several centuries. I used this textbook in a history course, â€Å"Women in the United States, 1890 – Present;† I found the textbook to be engaging, helpful, and useful throughout the course. The way in which in the information was presented allowed me to learn, assess, and analyze the difficulties women faced. I found that each chapter was very long and I hadRead MoreAmerican South And Race Relations Essay1186 Words   |  5 PagesComer Vann Woodward  studied the American South and race relations in the United States. He was born in 1908 in eastern, rural Arkansas. When he first enrolled into higher education he went to  Henderson-Brown College. However, he transferred to  Emory University and graduated. After Woodward graduated, he became an English professor at Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Teach). In 1931, he continued his education with graduate school at Columbiana University. There he received a Master of ArtsRead MoreThe Strange Career Of Jim Crow Essay1173 Words   |  5 PagesComer Vann Woodward  studied wrote about the American South and race relations. He was born in 1908 in eastern, rural Arkansas. When he first enrolled into higher education he went to  Henderson-Brown College. However, he transferred to  Emory University and graduated. After Woodward graduated, he was an English professor at Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Teach). In 1931, he continued his education with graduate school at Columbiana University. There he received a Master of Arts. In 1947,Read MoreWomen s Studies : An Egyptian American Scholar On Islamic Feminism And Islam Essay1083 Words   |  5 Pagesborn in 1940 is the first professor of Women’s Studies in Religion at Harvard University. As an Egyptian-American scholar on Islamic feminism and Islam, Ahmed has published a number of highly informative works addressing the complexities of feminism in Muslim life. Ahmed’s previous works include Women and Gender in Islam. (1993) explores the role women and gender play from the Pre-Islamic Era in the Middle East through to the modern world that we know today. The issue of veiling is an ongoing debateRead More The Role of Setting in John Steinbecks Of Mice Men Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of Setting in John Steinbecks Of Mice Men Throughout time man has encountered many trials and tribulations. One of these unpredictable changes was the depression era in the Western region of America. From the beginning to the end of the novel, Of Mice Men (1937), by John Steinbeck, life is portrayed as cruel and an insurmountable conquest. During the 1930s the worst economic collapse of the world occurred : the Depression. The setting throughout this novel sets the emotions highRead MoreThe Whiskey Rebellion: Frontier Epilogue to the American Revolution by Thomas P. Slaugther1010 Words   |  5 PagesRebellion, which he asserts had by the time this book was conceived nearly two centuries after the episode transpired, had become a largely forgotten chapter of our nations history since the time of the Civil War. He cites as direct evidence of this fact the almost complete absence of any mention of the event in many contemporary textbooks of the conservative era of the 1980s, which this reviewer can attest to as well, having been a high school student in the late 1970s, who never heard of the WhiskeyRead MoreHavana Two Faces of the Antillean Metropolis1209 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough its exploration of Havana emphasizing dichotomies such as those between the Spanish and American Influence, pre and post-revolution, capitalist and socialist Cuba, and the Havana experienced by tourists and locals. Havana: Two faces of the Antillean Metropolis explores the fascinating city of Havana throughout the turbulent history of Cuba, from Spanish colonization, through the American era and the revolution of 1959 to the early 2000’s. It is one of a limited number of novels on HavanaRead MoreA Bridge to the 18th Century Essay727 Words   |  3 Pagesphilosophy and culture; they live digitally in the hollow present. Postman assesses different ideas in each chapter: Chaper One: A Bridge to the Eighteenth Century Postman heralds the accomplishments of personalities of the 18th Century, including Goethe, Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot, Kant, Hume, Gibbon, Paine, Jefferson, Franklin, Mozart, Beethoven, Bach, and Haydn, among many others. Chapter Two: Progress Postman summarizes, The idea of progress is a product of the Enlightenment. The eighteenth

Friday, December 13, 2019

Romania and the euro Free Essays

string(108) " of the national currency in 2007 \) alongside with another addition in the monetary values of trade goods\." History Romania euro On 1 January 2007, Romania joined the European Union and therefore, committed to the acceptance of the euro once it complies with all the needed conditions. At that peculiar clip, right before come ining the planetary fiscal crisis, the acceptance of the euro seemed to convey many alone advantages and was considered as the top precedence refering the hereafter options. However, this is non the instance any longer, as things have changed along the old ages. We will write a custom essay sample on Romania and the euro or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first clip Romania announced its program to fall in the ERM was in May 2006, as a status for come ining the Euro Area after 2012. However, the day of the months for come ining the Eurozone were changed many times, as Romania kept proroguing it, as it did non pull off to follow with all the standards at one time. In December 2009, the Rumanian authorities officially changed the day of the month for fall ining the Eurozone to 1 January 2015, as the acceptance of the euro is the 2nd most of import aim of the National Bank, after the 2005 denomination of the Rumanian currency leu, which ended a period of more than 15 old ages of heavy rising prices. Despite this, two old ages subsequently, in April 2011, it announced it was doing all the attempts to carry through the first four standard, but that it will non be able to fall in the ERM by 2013 or 2014. Still, 2015 seemed like an unrealistic mark, as it was really hard for Romania to follow the euro by that clip ( Valentin Lazea ) , and this was confirmed by Mugur Isarescu, the governor of the National Bank of Romania, who stated, in November 2012, that Romania will non be prepared and will non fall in the Euro Area by 2015. Harmonizing to his statements, the hold was caused by work force productiveness, besides adverting by non being portion of the Euro Area, Romania was really advantaged during the period of European debt-crisis. Consequently, Romania did non stipulate a mark day of the month for following the euro in the Convergence Programme of 2013 to the European Commission, as it did non desire to come in the Euro Area unprepared. ( Victor Ponta ) Finally, in the Convergence Report of 2014, Romania indicated the 1 of January 2019 as the new functionary day of the month for euro acceptance. Indeed, 2015 was rather an impossible mark, holding in head all the reforms the state assumed, when following the Maastricht Treaty. Thinking about the positive side, Mugur Isarescu emphasized the advantages of maintaining the national currency ( NYT 2012 ) , stating that by non giving up the leu ‘Romania obtained obtained a flexibleness in seting the involvement rates, in commanding cashflow and in leting rising prices in order to cut down the budget deficit’ . However, he besides stated that this brought ‘unhappiness and letdown, as fall ining the EU was seen as a solution to all problems’ , underscoring the public sentiment which was in favour of following the euro. Furthermore, by maintaining the national currency, the exports from other EU member which have non yet adopted the euro were encouraged, doing it easier for the state to take less extremist steps for forestalling the fiscal crisis. On the other manus, even if Romania is non portion of the Euro Area, it depends in a great extent on the development of the euro. The country’s economic system, finance of loans and exports are straight related to everything go oning in the Eurozone. This shows one more clip the necessity of following the euro Talking of advantages, the one ensuing from following the alone currency must besides be taken into consideration. The riddance of rising prices and of the exchange rate, the decrease of the macro-economic hazards and of the involvement rates, the riddance of dealing costs and currency hazards, the integrating of the fiscal markets and the development of international trade alongside with the increasing grade of pulling higher investings are merely a few of them. ( The acceptance of the Euro by Romania Ioan Dan BRA‚TEAN ) However, the Erste Group Bank stated that the 2015 mark is really ambitious and that Romania would happen it difficult to carry through. This is non particularly because of the obstructions posed by the convergence standards, but instead because of existent convergence standards, as the state struggles to make several required degrees refering the existent convergence conditions, such as increasing the GDP per capita from 50 % to more than 60 % above the Euro Area mean degree – EGB ) . Furthermore, fall ining the Eurozone in 2019 require come ining the ERMII in 2017. Therefore, advancement demands to be made particularly refering this procedure. Therefore, at the present minute, Romania does non follow with all the convergence standards necessary for fall ining the Euro Area, but the state did nevertheless aligned itself to the demands and aims of following the alone currency and fall ining all the European Union establishments in the procedure. ( wiki ) Conformity with the standards in the period 2007-2011 As mentioned in the old chapter, the trial of nominal convergence consists chiefly of the grade of accomplishment of the Maastricht standards: monetary value stableness, sound public fundss, sustainable public fundss, exchange-rate stableness and convergence lastingness. Refering the first standard of monetary value stableness, Romanian failed to run into it in the period 2007-2013, as the one-year mean rising prices rate was higher than the standard required ( it exceeded 1.5 per centum points above the three best executing MS of the EU ) , as it can be seen in the tabular array above. The one-year rising prices increased from about 4 % in the first half of 2007 to 8,7 % by the 3rd month of 2008. ( CR 2008 ) The chief causes were an acute addition in monetary values of nutrient, a rise in monetary values of import ( as a effect of the depreciation of the national currency in 2007 ) alongside with another addition in the monetary values of trade goods. You read "Romania and the euro" in category "Essay examples" ( CR 2008 ) The highest values were, though, registered after the economic crisis between 2008 and 2011. In fact, of all time since come ining the EU, the Rumanian norm rising prices has been good above the mention value and it even increased during the old ages. In July 2008, it reached a three-year high point of 9.1 % , but it decreased up to 5.6 % in 2009, still being an hindrance on the manner of come ining the Eurozone. However during 2010 and 2011, the rising prices rate was expected to diminish well, due to the slow economic activity, making a degree of 4.3 % and 3 % severally. In malice of these prognosiss, rising prices in Romania remained rather high. ( CR 2010 ) Sing the standard on authorities budgetary place, in 2007, Romania recorded a 2.5 % of GDP as financial shortage, a value below the mention one of 3 % . As for the authorities debt ratio, it amounted merely 13 % in 2007 and 13,6 % in 2008, good below the mention value of 60 % . However, an increased financial consolidation was necessary, in order for the state to keep the shortage ratio far below the mention value and to carry through the aim on medium-term from the SGP, the same specified in the Convergence Programme ‘as a cyclically adjusted shortage cyberspace of impermanent measureas of around 0.9 % of GDP.’ ( CR 2008 ) Up until 2009, Romania was non capable to a determination of the EU Council refering the being of an inordinate shortage. However, since July 2009, the Council asked the state to rectify this shortage by 2012. The general authorities shortage reached 5.4 % of GDP in 2008 and increased even further to 8,3 % of GDP by 2009. In the undermentioned old ages, it decreased well, but still non run intoing the mention value. ( CR 2010 ) In what may concern the long-run involvement rates, these were on mean 7.1 % , both in 2007 and 2008, good above the mention value of the standard on involvement rates. This tendency was observed of all time since Romania joined the EU and it continued to remain the same in 2009 ( 9.4 % ) , 2010 ( 7.2 % ) and 2011 ( 7.3 % ) . ( CR 2008 and 2010 ) In footings of exchange-rate stableness, Romania has gone through a period of big fluctuations merely during a little period in 2009, when the exchange rate surpassed the +/-15 % allowed bound. In fact, the state received international fiscal aid, which led to the national currency stabilising during 2009 and at the beginning of 2010. The short-run involvement rates were narrowed, which reflected significantly in improved money market conditions overall. ( CR 2010 ) However, the state was non yet take parting in the ERMII, still runing on a floating exchange rate government. Conformity with the standards during recent old ages: 2012-2014 During recent old ages, Romania seems to hold improved slightly in what may concern some of the convergence standard. However, the state still struggles with high rising prices and it besides didn’t manage to go portion of the ERMII, one of the most of import conditions for fall ining the Eurozone. Of all the convergence standards, Romania finds it most hard to follow with the monetary value stableness one. In fact, it has ne’er managed to accomplish an rising prices rate lower than the three best executing EU MS, as the status requires it. In 2014, for illustration, the rising prices rate registered 2.1 % , while the maximal allowed was 1.7 % . Still, it is the best ‘compliance’ up until now, being merely 0.4 % above the mention value. ( CR 2014 ) By looking at the recent informations, the one-year rising prices decreased well since making a high degree in September 2012 ( 5.4 % ) to merely 1.1 % in September 2013. However, in April 2014, it increased once more up to 1.6 % , due to a rise in the excise responsibilities on fuel. ( CR 2014 ) Indeed, rising prices fell well during the 2nd half of 2013, due to several grounds such as, decreases in nutrient monetary values ( good crop ) or a diminution in the VAT for flour and other bakeshop merchandises. As prognosiss, the major international establishments predict the mean one-year rising prices to lift in 2015 up to 3.3 % . There are nevertheless some hazards that must be taken into history, chiefly related to a strong addition in planetary trade good monetary values and farther deregulating of energy monetary values. Despite all these, it is hard to accurately foretell the consequence that the procedure of ‘catching-up’ of Romania, connoting lower degrees of GDP per capita and of monetary values than in the Euro Area. ( CR 2014 ) When taking into consideration Romania’s authorities budgetary place during recent old ages, the first thing that should be mentioned is that presently, the state is non capable to a determination of the EU Council on the being of an inordinate shortage. In 2012, the state has so surpassed the mention value of 3 % , making 5.2 % , but in the undermentioned old ages, it has managed to remain within the bound ( 2013 – 2.9 % ; 2014 – 2.3 % ) . This consolidation was expenditure-driven, as the entire outgos relative to the GDP decreased by 1.7 per centum points, while entire grosss declined by 1 per centum point during 2013. ( EEF 2014 ) Taking into consideration the customary no policy alteration premise, the GDP shortage is expected to diminish even further in 2015, achieving a depression of 1.9 % . This would be go oning at the same tie with the betterment of grosss, a stronger domestic demand being the most of import driver of growing. Besides, Romania must do ce rtain that it makes adequate advancement towards making its medium-term aim, viz. a structural shortage of 1 % of GDP. ( CR EEF 2014 ) As for the authorities debt to GDP ratio, Romania has complied with the bounds during recent old ages, holding registered values good below the 60 % mention value. However, the value is expected to increase up to 40 % and to keep this degree during 2015. The primary dangers that can be assessed to the budgetary public presentations are related to the outgo control refering the revenue enhancement aggregation. ( EEF 2014 ) In footings of long term involvement rates, Romania has managed to register a 5.3 % value on norm in 2014, good below the 6.2 % mention value of the three best executing EU MS. In recent old ages, the long term involvement rates have fluctuated around 7 % ( 2013 – 7.25 % ; 2014 ; 6.36 % ) , as the rising prices kineticss tended to forestall the downward tendency in the nominal involvement rates. As in the last old ages, rising prices has declined well, this allowed the cardinal bank to decelerate down the policy rates. This in bend, resulted in a narrowing of differential in long-run involvement rate between the Euro Area norm and Romania. In respects to the exchange-rate stableness standard, the first thing that should be mentioned is that Romania did non pull off to fall in the ERMII, even though it traded under a government of flexible exchange rate, with a managed natation of the currency. Therefore, the exchange rate of the national currency leu against the euro has emphasized a high grade of volatility. In May 2013, the Rumanian leu somewhat appreciated, but instantly weakened, as the volatility increased during the half of 2013. Afterwards, the leu managed to acquire stronger once more, and it stabilized its degree around the 1 obtained at the beginning of 2013. As a long-run attack, April 2014 brought a close degree of the existent effectual exchange rate of the leu against the euro to the historical norms on 10 years’ clip. Furthermore, the current and the capital history of Romania had been adjusted during recent old ages, as challenges from the external environment. How to cite Romania and the euro, Essay examples

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Practice of Engineering in Australia for Designs- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePractice of Engineering in Australia for Designs. Answer: Learning outcome 3: Discuss engineers roles, responsibilities and the need to employ principles of sustainable development. What By conclusively researching on sustainable development, I came to understand that the reason why we are enjoying the good health, prosperity and wellbeing in Australia is due to the critical role that engineers play in the society. I was intrigued by sustainable development as well. For better quality of life and living standards, innovation is a key driver. As per my research, for improving society, engineers play an important role in innovating life standards. Their responsibilities are a major area of research as well. I researched about the main difference between a scientist and an engineer and what I found intrigued me. I learnt that the job responsibility of a scientist is to add to the systematic knowledge of the physical world and the job responsibility of an engineer is to bring that knowledge to the physical world to mitigate practical problems. So what I was raised up with a notion that engineers only work with machines, electronics and designs. But to achieve that they need to create innovating products to make the world a better place (Mello, Strandhagen and Alfnes 2015). It also deeply concerned me that the concept of sustainable development is getting attention after such a long time. In my experience, for adding high value activities to the globally connected society and running it in parallel with emerging technologies, engineers are necessary. I checked some recent statistics of Australia and found out that the Australian engineers are facing difficulties due to the world economy changes and economic issues. What else In my opinion, preserving the environment is an inherent right of every person that is living on this planet. It is necessary for the proper development of our future generations in a sustainable manner and should not be affected by the developments that engineers make. I think society should implement innovations without harming the surroundings. What now I think the engineers need to commit to their job roles so that they can properly assess the innovations which do not harm the environment. The results of scientific innovations need to be educated to the people voluntarily. Also, they need to take care of the environment explicitly so that the future generation can prosper properly. Learning outcome 4: Manage information and documentation. What In my experience, documenting and managing information is extremely important. For multiple revisions and representing the data accurately, the information need to be managed properly. For complying with regulations, increasing efficiency and data quality and improving operations, proper documentation of data is necessary. So what Poor management and documentation of information result in inefficiency in the engineering process which results in increased project time for the company as well as the client, variations and reworks and direct delays. Most of the engineering projects that are conducted around the world (as well as in Australia) are done with the help of outsourcing. For this, a group effort is necessary which includes proper processing of accurate information and reducing the downtime costs (Schwalbe 2015). Due to poor documentation and management of information, inefficiency creeps into the engineering process. This results in direct delays, variations and reworks which increases the project time. What else Improper documentation of information is a major problem that can create issues while conducting important decisions in engineering. By maintaining a relevant source of information, the management can help in retaining prospective stakeholders as well as clients. What now This experience has helped me to understand the relevance of proper documentation of accurate information. It will help me to realize the need for proper documentation of data that helps to provide the system with a lot of benefits and provide the stakeholders with adequate confidence. It will help in proper decision making and according to me, help others to learn the value of engineering tools. Learning outcome 5: Communicate effectively across a range of contexts. What For any context or any businesses, effective communication is important. I have seen in my experience engineers communicating with people, people from different departments and clients. Due to the complex and technical nature of the process, engineers have to effectively communicate with their peers. It helps to assess that all the participants of the same project are on the same page. So what Engineers have the potential to become the leaders that they aspire to be with the help of proper communication skills. In my experience, a project contains several manager s as well as business specialists and health officials. It is imperative that the risks related to the project will be reduced if all the members of the team collaborate and communicate properly (Kokhan 2016). A person will be unable to pass on what he or she is thinking of proper communication is not conducted between the members (Hiltz, Van de Walle and Turoff 2014). What else After reviewing the websites and journals, I concluded that in ever sector (including engineering) the need for proper communication skill is necessary so that the management representatives can understand what the engineer is thinking (Broadbent 2013). What now Proper communication is necessary for properly passing information in a systematic manner. From this experience, I understood why the engineers are hired in different sectors with good communication skills. References Broadbent, D.E., 2013.Perception and communication. Elsevier. Hiltz, S.R., Van de Walle, B. and Turoff, M., 2014. The domain of emergency management information. InInformation systems for emergency management(pp. 15-32). Routledge. Holden, E., Linnerud, K. and Banister, D., 2017. The imperatives of sustainable development.Sustainable Development,25(3), pp.213-226. Kokhan, O., 2016. Importance of communication. Mello, M.H., Strandhagen, J.O. and Alfnes, E., 2015. The role of coordination in avoiding project delays in an engineer-to-order supply chain.Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management,26(3), pp.429-454. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.